The Natural Beauty

Do not be fooled that the problem for a woman 's face is a very sensitive issue. Not a few women are willing to pay hundreds of dollars and millions of dollars for facial treatments. But not a few others who experienced the disappointment of beauty products that have been purchased at a great price, it did not deliver results as desired. Want to perform confidently with a face like a princess who is very pretty and graceful not have to spend a lot of money.





 Beauty from the Inside, Healthy skin will make the skin look fresh and naturally beautiful. If you have healthy skin, you will not need the help of makeup colors that are not natural to cover your skin. Fresh cheek color hue that will add to the beauty of the face. To maintain healthy skin, you should eat healthy foods and drink plenty of water. Healthy foods like vegetables and fruits may be an option. Fruits and vegetables can be an antioxidant that eliminates free radicals that the effect is to make the face is not pretty.

Besides food and beverages, sports play an important role to beautify the skin. Sports will make the blood vessels can work optimally to deliver oxygen, if a lot of oxygen, the skin will look more beautiful. In applying this makeup is the thing that matters is the selection of powder colors that match skin color. This will make you appear not to mask make- up that I had been doing. As for blush, eye shadow or lipstick, pink, brown colors of its derivatives are often used. Do not forget to remedy to clean the face with a cleanser that suits your skin type. If you want to " show off " your skin healthy, then just use a moisturizer without the need to use excessive foundation. Next, puree the face using a powder or powder tompi sekit fence taut.

Do not rely on just a pretty face with her ​​makeup. Note also the health, especially the health of your skin. A healthy skin will be easy to set up and make their owners proud.

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Depresi Selama Kehamilan Dapat Mempengaruhi Bayi

Kehamilan seharusnya menjadi masa yang paling bahagia bagi seorang wanita, tetapi ada sebagian wanita yang malah menganggap kehamilan sebagai masa kebingungan, sengsara, sedih, stres dan depresi. Depresi merupakan gangguan mood yang muncul pada 1 dari 4 wanita yang sedang hamil dan hal ini bukan sesuatu yang istimewa. Penyakit ini selalu melanda mereka yang sedang hamil, tetapi sering dari mereka tidak pernah menyadari depresi ini karena mereka menganggap kejadian ini merupakan hal yang lumrah terjadi pada mereka, padahal jika tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat mempengaruhi bayi yang dikandungnya.


Penyebab dan Gejala Depresi Selama Kehamilan
Depresi selama kehamilan merupakan gangguan mood yang sama seperti halnya pada depresi yang terjadi pada orang awam secara umum, dimana pada kejadian depresi akan terjadi perubahan kimiawi pada otak. Dalam hal ini perubahan hormonal pada saat kehamilan akan mempengaruhi kimiawi otak itu sendiri, yang nantinya akan sangat berhubungan erat dengan kejadian depresi dan kecemasan selama kehamilan.



Pada sebagaian dari mereka yang mempunyai riwayat depresi, hal ini dapat muncul kembali akibat dipicu oleh kesulitan hidup yang melanda Selama kehamilan dan nantinya akan menyebabkan timbulnya gejala depresi selama kehamilan.

Wanita yang mengalami depresi akan mengalami beberapa gejala berikut ini selama kurang lebih 2 minggu:
1. Adanya perasaan sedih
2. Kesulitan dalam berkonsentrasi
3. Tidur yang terlalu lama atau terlalu sedikit
4. Hilangnya minat dalam melakukan aktivitas yang biasanya digemari
5. Putus asa, terkadang beberapa ada yang merasa cemas
6. Timbul perasaan bersalah dan tidak berharga
7. Adanya perubahan dalam kebiasaan makan
8. Bahkan tidak jarang dari mereka memiliki perasaan ingin bunuh diri.



Tetapi kejadian depresi ini tidak semata-mata kejadian yang muncul begitu saja. Pada beberapa kasus, depresi selama hamil tersebut dipicu oleh faktor pencetus seperti adanya masalah dengan suami mereka atau ibu hamil memang mempunyai riwayat depresi pada keluarganya. Beberapa kepustakaan banyak menyebutkan adanya riwayat kegagalan dalam kehamilan juga dapat memicu untuk timbulnya depresi selama masa kehamilan. Selain itu kejadian hidup yang berat, adanya komplikasi selama kehamilan juga dapat menjadi salah satu pemicu terjadinya depresi selama kehamilan.

Dampak dari Depresi Selama Kehamilan
Depresi yang tidak ditangani akan memiliki dampak yang buruk bagi ibu dan bayi yang dikandungnya. Ada 2 hal penting yang mungkin berdampak pada bayi yang dikandungnya, yaitu : Pertama adalah timbulnya gangguan pada janin yang masih didalam kandungan dan Kedua munculnya gangguan kesehatan pada mental si anak nantinya



Depresi yang dialami, jika tidak disadari dan ditangani dengan sebaik-baiknya akan mengalihkan perilaku ibu kepada hal-hal yang negatif seperti minum-minuman keras, merokok dan tidak jarang sampai mencoba untuk bunuh diri. Hal inilah yang akan memicu terjadinya kelahiran prematur, bayi lahir dengan berat badan yang rendah dan gangguan perkembangan janin. Ibu yang mengalami depresi ini tidak akan mempunyai keinginan untuk memikirkan perkembangan kandungannya dan bahkan kesehatannya sendiri.

Selain itu pada suatu studi yang dilakukan pada ibu yang mengalami depresi saat kehamilan akan menyebabkan timbulnya gangguan tingkah laku dan emosional si anak pada saat menginjak usia 4 tahun nantinya. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pada beberapa minggu terakhir dalam kehamilan sangat berperan penting dalam perkembangan dan maturitas otak si bayi, sehingga jika ibu mengalami depresi akan memperbesar kejadian prematur dan akhirnya akan mempengaruhi tingkat perkembangan otak si bayi.



Menangani Depresi Selama Kehamilan
Jika seorang ibu mengalami depresi selama kehamilan maka hal yang harus dilakukan adalah mencari pertolongan. Ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan, antara lain dengan berkonsultasi pada dokter kandungan atau pada psikolog/psikiater anda mengenai gejala yang dialami. Saat ini mereka adalah tempat yang paling tepat untuk berkonsultasi, mereka nanti akan memberikan solusi yang terbaik untuk ibu dan janin yang ada di dalam kandungan.

Ada beberapa cara dalam melakukan terapi dan konsultasi dengan dokter kandungan anda seperti dengan metode support group atau psikoterapi yang dapat dilakukan secara rutin dan berkala atau dengan obat–obatan. Jika gejala depresi yang ditunjukkan sangat berat maka dokter kandungan mungkin akan meresepkan beberapa obat untuk mengatasinya dan tentunya aman untuk mereka yang sedang mengandung. Jika karena sesuatu hal sang ibu tidak merasa nyaman untuk mendiskusikannya dengan dokter atau terapis maka teman dekatnya dapat diajak berbicara untuk bertukar pendapat. Yang terpenting adalah bahwa orang yang diajak berbicara tersebut sangat bisa mengerti apa yang sang ibu hamil rasakan. Jangan pernah untuk melawan depresi ini seorang diri, karena pada saat-saat tersebut sang ibu hamil sangat membutuhkan seseorang untuk diajak berbagi untuk mengatasi depresi yang dirasakan.

Mencegah Depresi Selama Kehamilan
Bagi mereka yang saat ini sedang hamil, maka jadikan masa hamil ini sebagai pengalaman yang menyenangkan dalam hidup anda. Untuk para suami serta keluarga, dukungan dari anda semua akan besar manfaatnya untuk menciptakan mood yang baik bagi ibu dan janinnya. Sehingga pada saatnya nanti sang ibu hamil dapat melahirkan anak – anak dengan kualitas mental dan fisik yang baik serta berkualitas.

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Anatomi Kardiovaskuler

Jantung terletak dalam mediastinum di rongga dada,  diantara kedua paru dan bentuknya kerucut, dengan batas-batas sebagai berikut
Basis :    2 cm dari strnum costae ke 3 kanan, 1 cm dari sternum costae ke 2 kiri
Apex :    4 cm dari sternum intercostae ke 5 kiri

Perikardium yang menyelimuti jantung terdiri dari dua lapisan yaitu
1.    Perikardium viseral
2.    Perikardium parietal
3.    Diantara ke 2 lapisan terdapat cairan pelumas
4.    Ke bawah berbatasan dengan diafragma





Lapisan jantung terdiri dari :
1.    Perikardium
2.    Miokardium (lapisan otot)
3.    Endokardium (lapisan endotel)

Ruangan jantung terpisah terbagi menjadi dua
1.    Ruangan jantung bagian atas = atrium
2.    Ruangan jantung bagian bawah = ventrikel

1. Atrium Kanan
a.    Dindingnya tipis
b.    Berfungsi sebagai tempat penyimpanan dan penyalur darah dari vena Kava dan sinus koronarius ke ventrikel kanan kemudian ke paru-paru
c.    Dalam muara vena kava tidak ada katup sejati, yang ada hanya lipatan katup atau pita otot yang rudimenter memisahkan vena kava dari atrium, Akibatnya peningkatan tekanan atrium kanan akan dibalikan kembali dalam sirkulasi sistemik.
d.    ±  80 % aliran balik  vena ke atrium secara pasif mengalir ke ventrikrel kanan melalui katup trikuspidalis
e.    ±  20 % mengisi ventrikrel dengan kontraksi atrium = "atrial kick" .
   
2. Ventrikel kanan
a.    Pada kontraksi ventrikel, tiap ventrikel harus menghasilkan kekuatan yang besar
b.    Ventrikel kanan bentuk bulan sabit = menghasilkan kontraksi bertekanan rendah yang cukup untuk mengalirkan ke dalam arteri pulmonalis
c.    Sirkulasi pulmonal adalah sistem aliran darah bertekanan rendah dengan resistensi yang jauh lebih kecil terhadap aliran darah dari ventrikel kanan dibandingkan tekanan tinggi pada sirkulasi sistemik terhadap aliran dari ventrikel kiri = kerja dari ventrikel kanan < ventrikel kiri = tebal dinding ventrikel kanan 1/3 dari tebal dinding ventrikel kiri

3. Atrium kiri
a.    Menerima darah yang sudah dioksgenisasi dari paru-paru melalui ke 4 vena pulmonalis
b.    Antara atrium kiri dengan vena pulmonalis tidak ada katup sejati = akibatnya bila ada perubahan  tekanan pada atrium kiri = retrograd kedalam pembuluh darah paru.
c.    Berdinding tipis dan bertekanan rendah   
d.    Darah mengalir dari atrium kiri ke ventrikel kiri melalui katup mitral

4. Ventrikel Kiri
a.    Harus menghasilkan tekanan yang  tinggi = mengatasi tekanan sirkulasi sistemik dan mempertahankan aliran darah ke perifer
b.    Mempunyai otot yang tebal dan bentuknya menyerupai lingkaran = mempermudah pembentukan tekanan tinggi selama ventrikel berkontraksi, bahkan septumnya membantu memperkuat tekanan
c.    Saat kontraksi, tekanan pada ventrikel kiri akan meningkat ± 5 kali dari ventrikel kanan.

Katup jantung ada 2 yaitu
1.Katup Atrioventrikuler
a.    Katup trikuspidalis, letaknya di kanan dan mempunyai tiga daun katup
b.    Katup Mitralis, letaknya  di kiri dan mempunyai dua daun katup (bikuspidalis)
c.    Katup ini membuka secara pasif untuk menanggapi perubahan tekanan dan volume dalam bilik jantung dan pembuluh darah
d.    Daun katup tertambat melalui berkas tipis jaringan fibrosa (cordae tendinae) dan meluas = otot papilaris yaitu tonjolan otot pada dinding ventrikel

2.Katup semilunaris
a.    Katup aorta terlatak antara ventrikel kiri dengan aorta
b.    Katup pulmonalis  terletak antara ventrikel kanan dengan arteri pulmonalis
c.    Bentuknya sama dan terdiri dari tiga daun katup simetris, menyerupai corong yang tertambat kuat pada anulus fibrosus
d.    Mencegah aliran kembali darah dari aorta / arteri pulmonalis, sewaktu ventrikel istirahat
e.    Tepat diatas daun katup aorta, terdapat 3 kantong yang menonjol dari dinding aorta dan arteri pulmonalis = sinus valsava, terletak pada muara arteri koronaria
f.    Sinus berfungsi melindungi muara koronaria dari penyumbatan oleh daun katup saat katup terbuka.



Sistem Sirkulasi Sistemik Pada Jantung
1. Arteria
a.    Dinding aorta dan arteri  besar mengandung jaringan elastis dan otot polos
b.    Ventrikel kiri memompakan darah masuk ke dalam aorta dengan tekanan tinggi
c.    Jaringan arteri berisi ±  15 % dari total volume darah = sirkuit yang rendah volumenya tapi tinggi tekanan dan cabang-cabang arteri disebut sirkuit resistensi

2. Arteriole
a.    Dinding terdiri dari otot polos dengan sedikit serabut elastis
b.    Dinding berotot ini sangat peka dan dapat berdilatasi / berkontraksi untuk mengatur aliran darah

3. Kapiler
a.    Dinding sangat tipis, terdiri satu lapis sel endotel
b.    Tempat berdifusinya nutrient dan metabolisme dari daerah konsentrasi tinggi ke konsentrasi rendah yang  tergantung pada keseimbangan relatif antara tekanan hidrostatik dan osmotic

4. Venula
a.    Berfungsi sebagai pengumpul
b.    Dinding otot relatif lemah namun peka
c.    Pada pertemuan antara kapiler dengan venula terdapat spingter post kapiler

5. Vena
a.    Dinding relatif tipis
b.    Aliran vena ke jantung searah, karena punya katup
c.    Vena sbg volume tinggi dan tekanan relatif  =  system kapasitas, ±  65 % dari volume darah terdapat dalam system vena, tetapi kapasitas ini dapat diubah dengan vasokontriksi yang dapat  menurun dengan memaksa darah bergerak maju menuju jantung dan membesar aliran balik vena.
d.    Tekanan dari kapiler ke jantung dipengaruhi oleh 2 faktor yaitu
        1. Tekanan vena oleh otot rangka
        2. Perubahan tekanan rongga dada dan perut selama pernafasan 

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Anatomi Fisiologi Mata

Mata = adalah organ penglihatan yang mendeteksi cahaya. Yang dilakukan mata yang paling sederhana tak lain hanya mengetahui apakah lingkungan sekitarnya adalah terang atau gelap. Mata yang lebih kompleks dipergunakan untuk memberikan pengertian visual.



Adneksa Mata

Merupakan jaringan pendukung mata yang terdiri dari

1. Kelopak mata dan konjungtiva : kelopak mata berfungsi melindungi mata dan berkedip untuk melicinkan dan membasahi mata. Konjungtiva adalah bagian yang melapisi bola mata bagian luar.

2. Sistem saluran air mata (lakrimal) : menghasilkan cairan air mata, dimana tedetak pinggir luar dari alis mata.

3. Rongga orbita : merupakan rongga tempat bola mata yang dilindungi oleh tulang-tulang yang kokoh.

4. Otot-otot bola mata : masing-masing bola mata mempunyai 6 (enam) buah otot yang berfungsi menggerakkan kedua bola mata secara terkoordinasi pada saat melirik.

Bola Mata

Jika diurut mulai dari paling depan sampai bagian belakang terdiri dari:



Kornea : disebut juga selaput bening mata, jika mengalami kekeruhan akan sangat mengganggu penglihatan dan bisa diganti dengan jaringan kornea dari donor mata (pencangkokan kornea).



Sklera : Yaitu lapisan berwarna puth di bawah konjungtva serta merupakan bagian dengan konsistensi yang relatif lebih keras untuk membentuk bola



Iris dan Pupil

Dari kornea, cahaya akan diteruskan ke pupil. Pupil menentukan kuantitas cahaya yang masuk ke bagian mata yang lebih dalam. Pupil mata akan melebar jika kondisi ruangan yang gelap, dan akan menyempit jika kondisi ruangan terang. Lebar pupil dipengaruhi oleh iris disekelilingnya.

Bilik mata depan : Suatu rongga yang berisi cairan yang memudahkan iris untuk bergerak.



Uvea : Terdiri dari 3 bagian yaitu iris, badan siliar dan koroid. Iris adalah lapisan yang dapat bergerak untuk mengatur banyaknya cahaya yang masuk ke dalam mata. Badan siliar berfungsi menghasilkan cairan yang mengisi bilik mata, sedangkan koroid merupakan lapisan yang banyak mangandung pembuluh darah untuk memberi nutrisi pada bagian-bagian mata.



Pupil: Merupakan suatu "lubang" tempat cahaya masuk ke dalam mata, dimana lebarnya diatur oleh gerakan iris.



Lensa : Sesuai dengan namanya, berfungsi untuk memfokuskan cahaya yang masuk agar diperoleh penglihatan yang jelas. Jika mengalami kekeruhan akan menyebabkan kaburnya penglihatan seperti pada penyakit katarak



Badan kaca (vitreus) : Bagian terbesar yang mengisi bola mata, disebut juga sebagai "badan kaca" karena konsistensinya yang berupa gel dan bening dapat meneruskan cahaya yang masuk sampai ke retina.



Retina : Merupakan merupakan reseptor saraf yang peka terhadap cahaya (fotoreseptor). Rangsang cahaya akan diubah menjadi arus listrik untuk disalurkan melalui saraf optik (saraf mata).



Papil saraf optik Meneruskan rangsangan cahaya yang diterima dari retina menuju bagian otak yang terletak pada bagian belakang kepala (korteks oksipital).

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To Not Have Disease Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis or bone disease is one disease that afflicts due to reduced bone mass and bone density. As a result of osteoporosis are the bones become brittle and break easily due to reduced bone density. The bone itself is one important part of our body. Bone is the framework that supports our body so we can move. Can be imagined when the supporting body is fragile, porous and break easily, resulting in bone pain, impaired to move even cause paralysis and permanent disability.



Calcium Consumption
Calcium is an element of bone and teeth formation.  So, in order to keep awake bone density, it is important to consume a lot of calcium found in milk.  Unfortunately, with age, the ability to absorb calcium decreases.  Therefore, you should familiarize yourself or your child to drink milk every day from an early age.  Because the cause of osteoporosis is the lack of calcium intake at a young age.  Young people, often they think no longer need to consume milk that are considered as a small child.  Or because it thinks the bone can not grow anymore so they are reluctant to drink milk.  Indeed, in general, the bones stop growing at age 16-18 years, but that does not mean we no longer need to pay attention to bone health, because the function of bone is essential for the body.  Calcium is needed each person differently, depending on weight and activity being undertaken.  In pregnant and lactating mothers, the calcium you need more.  The following table will explain the amount of calcium needed by age.

Vitamin D
In order for calcium derived from milk and food can be absorbed completely, it needs vitamin D.  It would be very unfortunate if we consume lots of foods that contain calcium but can not be absorbed properly, so that eventually the body takes calcium on bone.  As a result, bones become brittle.  To get vitamin D is actually not difficult.  Sunlight in the morning (between 06.00 am to 09.00 am) and afternoon (after 16.00) is one source of vitamin D.  In the skin layer of our body there are actually non-active vitamin D with sun exposure and vitamin D may be active and useful to the body.  Apart from sunlight, vitamin D can also be obtained from foods such as fish (eg salmon and sardines), egg yolk, liver, milk, cheese and other dairy products.

Sport
In addition to calcium, it is important to do regular exercise to strengthen bones and increase bone mass density.  Just like muscles, bones also need to be trained in order to create strong bones.  Sports that can be done to train the bone is to do a sport that provides compressive force on the bone, loose style and the style twist.  The style may stimulate bone growth so that the bones become healthier.  You can try it with cycling, jogging, walking or going up and down stairs.  In addition to calcium, vitamin D and exercise, it would be better if you try to live healthier by stopping smoking.  Cigarettes, coffee, alcohol, tea, and cola may inhibit calcium absorption.  Instead, eat nutritious food that meets 4 5 perfectly healthy.

Bone Destructive Habits
Eliminate habits that can also make the disturbed bone growth or make the bone structure becomes damaged.  Bone health is often neglected, because the pain usually felt when the new bone when the bone is brittle or otherwise porous.  The process of taking calcium from the bones is often called the silent disease because it occurs without signs or symptoms.  So, continue to consider your bone health, avoid osteoporosis, in order to continue to smoothly move into old age.

Bad habits are:
1.  Bending that can cause the nerves that pass through the spine, causing pain pinched waist.
2.  Wearing high heels for a long time.  When using it, there was disruptive to the soft tissue around the ankle joint so that it can damage the structure of these soft tissues.
3.  Carrying a heavy bag.  Can aggravate the condition of the bones when we have abnormalities in the bone.
4.  Ring finger.  The sound caused by friction in the soft tissues around the joints of a finger.  The process that occurs repeatedly it will cause disruption in the network software.

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Cerminan Perawat Profesional

Cerminan nilai professional perawat dalam praktik keperawatan dikelompokkan dalam nilai intelektual dan nilai komitmen moral interpersonal, sebagai berikut :



Nilai intelektual

Nilai intelektual dalam praktik keperawatan terdiri dari

a. Body of Knowledge

b. Pendidikan spesialisasi (berkelanjutan)

c. Menggunakan pengetahuan dalam berpikir secara kritis dan kreatif.



Nilai komitmen moral

Pelayanan keperawatan diberikan dengan konsep altruistic, dan memperhatikan kode etik keperawatan. Menurut Beauchamp & Walters (1989) pelayanan professional terhadap masyarakat memerlukan integritas, komitmen moral dan tanggung jawab etik.



Aspek moral yang harus menjadi landasan perilaku perawat adalah :



a. Beneficience

Perawat selalu mengupayakan keputusan yang dibuat berdasarkan keinginan melakukan yang terbaik dan tidak merugikan klien. (Johnstone, 1994)



b. Fair

Tidak mendeskriminasikan klien berdasarkan agama, ras, social budaya, keadaan ekonomi dan sebagainya, tetapi memprlakukan klien sebagai individu yang memerlukan bantuan dengan keunikan yang dimiliki.



c. Fidelity

Berperilaku caring (peduli, kasih sayang, perasaan ingin membantu), selalu berusaha menepati janji, memberikan harapan yang memadahi, komitmen moral serta memperhatikan kebutuhan spiritual klien.

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Antiseptik Dan Desinfektan

Orang kadang salah kaprah menyamakan antiseptik dan disinfektan. Memang meski keduanya bisa membasmi mikroorganisme tapi sebenarnya keduanya dipakai untuk hal berbeda.Persamaannya, kedua zat kimia ini bisa membunuh bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit dan infeksi. Tapi intinya antiseptik digunakan untuk menyingkirkan kuman di kulit yang hidup, sedangkan disinfektan menyingkirkan kuman di benda yang mati. Tapi disinfektan kadang digunakan juga sebagai antiseptik untuk manusia asalkan dosisnya tepat karena kalau dosisnya terlalu tinggi bisa membuat keracunan hingga kematian.



 Kandungan yang ada di dalamnya memiliki peran berbeda sehingga penerapannya harus tepat agar tidak menimbulkan efek apapun. Cara kerja dari antiseptik dan disinfektan memang sama, yaitu senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya akan menembus dinding sel organisme seperti bakteri. Nantinya cara kerja di dalam sel tersebut tergantung dari senyawa yang terkandung di dalam antiseptik dan disinfektan tersebut. Pada umumnya senyawa ini akan mengganggu metabolisme sel atau mengubah permeabilitas dari dinding sel mikroorganisme.

Ada beberapa perbedaan antara antiseptik dengan disinfektan, yaitu:

Antiseptik , Zat kimia ini penggunaannya diterapkan pada kulit yang hidup atau jaringan tertentu untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi dan umumnya tidak terlalu toksik, sehingga tidak berbahaya bagi kulit.Antiseptik biasanya digunakan saat seseorang mencuci tangan atau sebelum melakukan operasi.Antiseptik biasanya mengandung alkohol, chlorhexidine dan anilides.

Disinfektan , Penggunaan senyawa ini diterapkan pada permukaan, peralatan atau benda mati lainnya, sehingga kadarnya lebih toksik. Jika salah digunakan bisa menyebabkan pengerasan kulit, luka serta peradangan.Desinfektan sering digunakan untuk peralatan pembersih rumah tangga.Desinfektan mengandung glutaraldehhid, vantocil, ftalaldehida dan formaldehida.

Meski demikian ada beberapa mikroorganisme yang tidak memberikan respons terhadap semua antiseptik dan juga disinfektan, hal ini biasanya karena mikroorganisme tersebut sudah resisten atau mengalami mutasi. Karena itu hal pertama yang harus dipahami sebelum menggunakan antiseptik atau disinfektan adalah mengetahui mikroorganisme apa yang ingin dibasmi dan dimana mikroorganisme tersebut tumbuh. Hal ini untuk mencegah terjadinya efek samping yang mungkin dapat merugikan atau berbahaya bagi tubuh.

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Anemia Oleh Kurangnya Zat Fe

Anemia yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya zat Fe sebagai bahan yang diperlukan untuk pematangan eritrosit. Jumlah besi pada bayi 400 mg ( dewasa 4 – 5 gram ) = 60 % massa eritrosit.
1.    0 – 3 bulan : kebutuhan Fe dari luar sedikit
2.    > 6 bulan : Fe dari makanan = pertumbuhan meningkat
3.    6 – 12 bulan : 9 mg/ hari
4.    > 1 tahun : kebutuhan menurun karena pertumbuhan lambat

Absorbsi besi
1.    Tife Fe dalam makanan
2.    Tife haem ( daging sapi, ayam, ikan ) dan bioavailabilitas lebih tinggi
3.    Tipe non- haem ( produk hewani dan tumbuhan misalnya beras, buah, susu, keju )



Status Fe dalam tubuh
1.    Ekskresi besi dari tubuh sangat sedikit
2.    Hasil pemecahan Hb disimpan dalam iron pool dan di gunakan untuk sintesa Hb
3.    Kehilangan besi melalui urine, tinja, keringat, menstruasi sedikit
4.    Ekskresi N : 0,3 – 1 mg/ hari

Komponen makanan
1.    Meningkatkan absorbsi : - asam askorbat ( vit C ) < 1000 mg/ hari = meningkatkan absorbsi non haem 2 – 3 x. – daging = meningkatkan absorbsi non haem > 2-3x
2.    Menghambat absorbsi : - phytat = gandum / polifenol = teh, kopi, kacang / kalsium : menghambat haem  dan non haem

Etiologi
1.    Masukan kurang
2.    Absorbsi kurang
3.    Sintesis kurang
4.    Kebutuhan bertambah
5.    Pengeluaran bertambah

Gejala klinis
1.    Lemas, sering berdebar-debar, mudah lelah, iritabel, sakit kepala
2.    Konjungtiva okular kebiruan atau putih mutiara (pearly white )
3.    Atrofi papil lidah

Laboratorium
1.    Hb < 10 g/ dl
2.    Mikrositik hipokrom

Diagnosa
1.    Etiologi
2.    Mikrositik hipokrom
3.    Rx baik terhadap pengobatn besi dalam 7 – 10 hari

Penatalaksanaan
1.    Etiologi
2.    Makanan yang ade kuat
3.    Pemberian praparat besi
a.    Sulfat ferosus 3 x 10 mg/kg BB/ hari selama 2 – 3 bulan = kenaikan Hb 1 – 2 g/dl per minggu
b.    Tranfusi darah bila Hb < 7gr/ dl

Pencegahan
1.    Air Susu Ibu eksklusif 6 bulan pertama
2.    Serat dengan Vit C
3.    Beri makanan pendamping pertama yang mengandung haem
4.    Kombinasi daging dan sayuran
5.    Hindari Makanan Pengganti air susu ibu saja dalam 1 tahun pertama

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Ancaman plastic Untuk Kesehatan

Sebagai bahan kimia, plastik adalah bahan yang paling sulit diolah kembali. Sehingga benda yang memudahkan kita dalam membawa barang barang ini bisa dibilang menjadi ancaman terbesar bagi bumi. Bukan cuma itu plastik juga harusnya dimusuhi soalnya bahan-bahan yang terindiksi di dalam plastik tidak baik buat tubuh. Sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan.

Khususnya pada saat plastik buat bungkus makanan yang panas karena kandungan yang ada didalamnya mengandung pemklastism diok tilfalat atau DOP (bersifat toksisitas berdasarkan uji karsinogenik) yang kabarnya berasal dari minyak bumi yang sangat berbahaya. Pemlastis DOP yang dipanaskan pada media minyak, dapat menyebabkan kontaminasi yang tinggi.





Sering di jumpai ketika mie yang disajikan secara panas lalu dibungkus dengan kemasan plastik.  Pada saat itu juga minyak mie akan melebur dengan plastik tersebut, justru malah membuat kandungan super toksit (racun yang berbahaya). Semakin panas air atau munyak dalam plastik, maka semakin tinggi pula kontaminasi plastik. Jika terlalu sering hal seperti ini terjadi , maka penyakit yang ditimbulkan dari bahan ini adalah penyakit kronis. Salah satunya indikasi kanker.

Untuk mengurangi resiko kanker yang disebabkan karena kelalaian seperti ini, ada baiknya menghentikan penggunaan plastik. Gunakan saja pembungkus sendiri yang lebih aman atau kalau tidak misalnya akan membeli mie tidak perlu dibungkus menggunakan plastik lebih baik makan ditempatnya langsung. Jadi kita sebagai generasi penerus harus bisa menyeleksi baik dan buruk yang akan kita gunakan.

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Alergi Udara Sangat Dingin

Jika tubuh terlalu lama terpapar udara dingin, Anda memang lebih mudah terserang flu. Parahnya, bagi penderita alergi, di kala udara berada pada temperatur rendah, munculnya flu dapat berbarengan dengan gejala alergi. Udara di hawa dingin terlalu lama, dan tanpa ‘dibentengi’ baju hangat, memang dapat memicu alergi dingin. Gejala awal, udara dingin menyerang daya tahan tubuh, yang menstimulasi produksi lendir di saluran pernapasan. Selanjutnya, udara dingin bisa menyerang jaringan di bagian hidung. Saluran di jaringan hidung pun melebar. Akibatnya, jaringan dalam hidung pun membengkak, yang membuat hidung tersumbat.



Hawa yang sangat dingin juga dapat memicu reaksi asma. Bagi penderita asma, ada baiknya mengenakan baju hangat sebelum terpapar udara dingin. Selain itu, ada alergi udara dingin lain yang lebih parah yaitu urtikaria. Kondisi tersebut di sini lebih dikenal dengan sebutan biduran. Cukup banyak kasus alergi dingin jenis ini terjadi, karena keadaan negara kita beriklim tropis. Yang terbiasa dengan cuaca panas. Pada beberapa orang memiliki jaringan kulit yang sangat sensitif pada histamin, lebih rentan mengalami alergi dingin.

Timbulnya biduran akibat alergi dingin disebabkan mekanisme pertahanan tubuh yang bereaksi secara berlebihan mengeluarkan histamin. Yaitu , suatu senyawa kimia yang menyebabkan timbulnya gejala alergi. Mulai dari keluhan gatal, rasa terbakar atau tertusuk, hingga sesak napas. Pada kulit tampak bercak kemerahan dan bengkak (edema) setempat, berbatas tegas dan terkadang bagian tengah tampak lebih pucat .

Gatal juga dapat terjadi akibat rangsangan udara dingin. Bentol yang timbul bisa muncul hanya di tempat yang terpapar dingin saja tapi juga bisa di seluruh badan. Histamin juga dapat mempengaruhi pipa saluran napas untuk menyempit yang menimbulkan sesak napas atau menyebabkan pembuluh darah melebar sehingga timbul syok.

Bagi Anda yang mengalami alergi dingin seperti di musim hujan ini, upaya yang dapat dillakukan untuk mengatasinya, adalah: Untuk mengurangi rasa gatal pada kulit , oleskan bedak dingin/ lotion yang mengandung calamine dan anti histamin . Obat untuk mengatasi keadaan ini adalah obat golongan antihistamin. Pada keadaan akut, selain antihistamin, kadangkala juga diperlukan obat golongan steroid. Cara menghindari timbulnya gejala akibat alergi dingin adalah dengan menghindari kontak dengan udara atau air dingin.

Agar tidak mudah kambuh, kenakan pakaian tebal, yang mampu menangkal cuaca dingin. Sebaiknya, mandi dengan air hangat, terutama saat musim penghujan. Istirahat yang cukup, agar daya tahan tubuh tidak mudah drop. Bila gejala menetap disertai sesak nafas segera hubungi dokter.

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Alat Pelindung Diri

Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) adalah kelengkapan yang wajib digunakan saat bekerja sesuai bahaya dan resiko kerja untuk menjaga keselamatan pekerja itu sendiri dan orang di sekelilingnya. Kewajiban itu sudah disepakati oleh pemerintah melalui Departement Tenaga Kerja.



Adapun bentuk dari alat tersebut adalah :

Safety Helmet,  Berfungsi sebagai pelindung kepala dari benda yang bisa mengenai kepala secara langsung.









Tali Keselamatan (safety belt), Berfungsi sebagai alat pengaman ketika menggunakan alat transportasi ataupun peralatan lain yang serupa (mobil,pesawat, alat berat, dan lain-lain)



Sepatu Karet (sepatu boot), Berfungsi sebagai alat pengaman saat bekerja di tempat yang becek ataupun berlumpur. Kebanyakan di lapisi dengan metal untuk melindungi kaki dari benda tajam atau berat, benda panas, cairan kimia, dsb.



Sepatu pelindung (safety shoes), Seperti sepatu biasa, tapi dari bahan kulit dilapisi metal dengan sol dari karet tebal dan kuat. Berfungsi untuk mencegah kecelakaan fatal yang menimpa kaki karena tertimpa benda tajam atau berat, benda panas, cairan kimia, dsb.



Sarung Tangan, Berfungsi sebagai alat pelindung tangan pada saat bekerja di tempat atau situasi yang dapat mengakibatkan cedera tangan. Bahan dan bentuk sarung tangan di sesuaikan dengan fungsi masing-masing pekerjaan.



Tali Pengaman (Safety Harness), Berfungsi sebagai pengaman saat bekerja di ketinggian. Diwajibkan menggunakan alat ini di ketinggian lebih dari 1,8 meter.



Penutup Telinga (Ear Plug / Ear Muff), Berfungsi sebagai pelindung telinga pada saat bekerja di tempat yang bising.



Kaca Mata Pengaman (Safety Glasses), Berfungsi sebagai pelindung mata ketika bekerja (misalnya mengelas).



Masker (Respirator), Berfungsi sebagai penyaring udara yang dihirup saat bekerja di tempat dengan kualitas udara buruk (misal berdebu, beracun, dsb).



Pelindung wajah (Face Shield), Berfungsi sebagai pelindung wajah dari percikan benda asing saat bekerja (misal pekerjaan menggerinda)



Jas Hujan (Rain Coat), Berfungsi melindungi dari percikan air saat bekerja (misal bekerja pada waktu hujan atau sedang mencuci alat).



Semua jenis APD harus digunakan sebagaimana mestinya, gunakan pedoman yang benar-benar sesuai dengan standar keselamatan kerja (K3L 'Kesehatan, Keselamatan Kerja dan Lingkungan')

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In need Skin Nutrients

If you want to have a healthy and beautiful skin, you must be diligent care. In addition to care from outside, from within any treatment you need to do.


You do this by eating foods that contain substances listed below:
1. Vitamin E: to maintain healthy skin and prevent cell damage.

2. Beta carotene ( vitamin A core ): to treat dry skin, prevent wrinkles, also for blood circulation which makes the skin glow.

3. Vitamin C: important for the production of collagen ( healthy skin forming materials ), maintain healthy skin and to retard the aging process.

4. Zinc: antioxidant mineral, essential for growth and repair cells.

5. Selenium: to maintain skin elasticity, to treat the skin and prevent damage to cells in the skin.

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Anemia Nutrition And Non-Nutritional Anemia

Anemia is known to the public as less blood disease. The disease is experienced by vulnerable children, pregnant women, women, and workers in general. There are two types of anemia that are known so far that is nutritional anemia and non-nutrition. Anemia is a state of nutritional anemia due to lack of nutrients necessary for the formation and the production of red blood cells, both quality and quantity.

Nutritional anemia itself there are several kinds, namely:
1. iron nutritional anemia, occurs because of lack of supply of iron (Fe). An iron core of hemoglobin molecule which is a key element in red blood cells. Thus, the supply of iron deficiency can cause decreased production of hemoglobin.

2. nutritional anemia, vitamin E, vitamin E is an essential factor for red blood cell integrity. Lack of vitamin E can lead to the integrity of red blood cell wall becomes abnormally weak and thus very sensitive to hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells)

3. nutritional anemia folic acid, often referred to as megaloblastic anemia or makrositik. In this state of red blood cells are not normal people with the characteristics of larger ones, the numbers are few, and not ripe.

4. nutritional anemia or vitamin B12 is also called pernicious. Symptoms similar to symptoms of anemia folic acid, but is accompanied by disturbances in the digestive system inside.

5. nutritional anemia, vitamin B6, also called siderotic. The situation is similar to iron nutritional anemia, but if the blood is tested in the laboratory, normal serum iron.

Non-nutritional anemia can occur due to bleeding, such as injuries resulting from accidents, menstruation, or blood diseases like thalassemia genetic (DNA damage), hemophilia (blood clotting disorder), and others.

Signs
1. Experiencing 4 L (weak, lethargic, tired, and tired).
2. Face pale.
3. Members of the body such as hands and feet feel numb.
4. Eyes dizzy.
5. Heart pounding.
6. Less enthusiastic.

Cause
1. Iron deficiency occurs so that the cell size reduction of red blood cells (microcytic). This is causing low hemoglobin (hypochromic) and reduced number of red blood cells.
2. And folic acid deficiency or vitamin Bn. Both substances are needed in the formation of nucleoprotein for the ripening process of red blood cells in bone marrow.
3. Vitamin B12 deficiency and disorders of the digestive system along the inside. In the chronic type that can damage brain cells and abnormal fatty acids into the cell wall and its position on the neural network change. It is feared, the patient will experience mental disorders.
4. Lack of vitamin B5 will interfere with the synthesis (formation) of hemoglobin. Handling can be done by providing nutritional supplements of vitamin B6 orally at a dose of 50-200 mg / day or as recommended by a doctor of nutrition.

Prevention
1. Eating food major source of iron, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 such as meat and vegetables according to the recommended nutritional intake.
2. Perform laboratory tests to determine the content of B12 in the blood so that it can distinguish between ordinary anemia with pernicious anemia. If it turns out normal levels of vitamin B12, it can be done with a dose of folic acid from 0.1 to 1.0 mg / day.
3. Perform blood tests regularly to see the profile of blood and prevent anemia.

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Stroke in Human Brain

The human brain is an organ that is very complex and can be equated with a kind of electronic network of computers that regulate the entire body of both movements, senses, nature and human intelligence. The brain can be divided into three major sections each of which functions differently.


Great brain or cerebrum, composed of two hemispheres, left and right. In normal human brain generally side of this great growing more rapidly than the other hemisphere (perhaps as a backup). In people with left-handed (deft left hand) the right hemisphere of the brain is more developed than the left hemisphere, in contrast to the normal people left cerebral hemisphere dominant. If there is damage to one hemisphere of the brain then their counterparts in other parts of the cerebrum can replace the function by training. Big brain function is to manage the front of the eye movement and pupil of the eye (the child’s eyes), regulate muscle movement to speak, the ability to associate.

The side set the listening, the upper and middle to muscle movement, body, legs and hands, and taste. The back to the vision and the ability to associate vision. Depending on the location of major brain damage occurs in paralysis or disruption in the body that regulated. When damage occurs in the brain that regulate muscle times, there was paralysis of the legs, and so on.

Small brain or cerebellum, is part of the brain responsible for coordination of muscle movement, minor brain damage resulting in disturbance of coordination of movement. The last part is the brain stem, here lies the vital settings for the defense of people’s lives, damage to brain stem death.


Stroke, or better known as paralysis or piansui, is a collection of symptoms caused by neurological brain disorders that persist for more than 24 hours, usually caused by disorders of blood circulation to the brain. Incidence of stroke is greater in men than against women. Risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, high blood fat levels (cholesterol), diabetes, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and users of birth-control pills.

According to the cause then the stroke can be classified into two, stroke, ischemic (lack of blood supply) and stroke due to bleeding in the brain.

Ischemic stroke caused by blood vessel blockage, or narrowing of blood vessels. When a blockage or narrowing of short duration (several minutes) then called TIA (transient ischemic attack). When the prolonged ischemic stroke, with symptoms according to the area of damage that occurs in the brain (areas that do not have blood)

Haemorrhagic stroke is caused by the rupture of one or more blood vessels in the brain. Symptoms that arise depending on the location of the bleeding. Bleeding that occurs outside the lining of the brain, as generally happens in an accident, have surgery. When not in surgery to remove blood, brain tissue will be damaged because of pressure by the accumulated blood clot between the skull and brain. Minor bleeding that can last a long time, until symptoms occur may be one or a few days after the accident. Bleeding that occurs in the room between the membranes surrounding the brain and brain tissue usually caused by rupture of the artery, symptoms occur quickly. This person needed to have surgery to remove blood, if not, there will be damage to brain tissue that can not be restored. The person will lose consciousness (coma), and if left to die.

Bleeding that occurs within the brain tissue usually occurs because of high blood pressure. The network will be driven around the location of bleeding and lead to tissue. The lack of blood supply, the symptoms that arise depending on the area of bleeding and its site. Symptoms may include paralysis when mild to severe and destructive death if vital parts of the brain.

The action is the prevention of stroke, quit smoking, stop drinking alcohol, treat high blood pressure, adjust blood sugar and blood fat levels strived for in the normal range through diet, healthy living habits, and taking medication if necessary.

No first aid measures that can be done by the laity in the incidence of stroke to prevent damage or reduce the symptoms of severe disability due to stroke. Appropriate action is to quickly bring the patient to the hospital emergency units, especially hospitals that have stroke units.

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Fertile Period and Ovulation Signs of Imminent

Knowing when the fertile period are considered important for women who are trying to conceive. There are several ways you can do for women to know when the fertile period. Pregnancy can happen when a mature egg cell is fertilized by sperm and successfully implanted in the womb. There are various ways you can do to predict a woman’s fertile period. The best way is to give more attention to the body and recognize the signs that ovulation is imminent.


Counting the days or calendar system.
Ovulation calendar can work very well to determine the potential of the fertile period if you have a regular cycle. For those who have regular menstrual cycles of fertility took place on day 14 – / 1 until the day of the next menstrual period, meaning that occurred on days 13-15 before the date of the next menstruation. The first day your period is calculated as the day-to-1. For an irregular cycle, first calculate the length of the cycle for 6 cycles in a row to get the longest and shortest cycles. The longest cycle minus 11, while the shortest cycle minus 18 and found the fertile period. Suppose the longest cycle 30 and the shortest cycle 26, the calculation is (30-11 = 21) and (26-18 = 8), the fertile period lasts from day 8 to day.


Changes in cervical mucus.
When the monthly cycle progresses, the cervical mucus will also experience an increase in volume and changes texture. The more the volume of mucus produced reflect any change in the body that is rising levels of estrogen. A person considered to have the most fertile when the mucus is clean, smooth and elastic.

Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
About 1 in 5 women indicate ovulation with pain or pain in the lower abdomen, pain that arise tend to be mild. This condition can take several minutes to several hours and is a positive sign of the fertile period.

The increase in body temperature.
At ovulation, the body temperature will usually increase by 0.5 to 1.6 degrees celsius, this can be detected by using a thermometer and measure the basal body temperature (BBT). Body temperature is the temperature measured the morning when the man was still in bed and not doing anything, this temperature increase indicates an increase of the hormone progesterone. This method helps a person know whether it has been signed in the fertile period or not.

Ovulation test kits.
Tools to measure ovulation hormone works by detecting the pre-ovulatory LH-surge in the body. This tool can be used at home and allow you to predict its own when the fertile period with great accuracy. If someone has a regular menstrual cycle will be easier to determine the fertile period, but if the cycle is too long or irregular required accuracy in seeing changes. Irregular cycles can be caused by medical problems or derived from diet, stress and increased physical activity.

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Extracellular Bacterial Infections

Extracellular bacteria are bacteria that can replicate outside of the cell, in circulation, the extracellular connective tissue, and in various tissues. Various types of bacteria including bacterial extracellular group mentioned in the previous chapter. Extracellular bacteria are usually easily destroyed by phagocytic cells. In certain circumstances extracellular bacteria can not be destroyed by phagocytic cells because of the capsule synthesis antifagosit, namely outer capsule (outer capsule) which resulted in a bad adhesion between phagocytic cells with bacteria, such as bacterial infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule or Haemophylus influenzae.


In addition, the capsule is to protect the carbohydrate molecules on the surface of bacteria that would otherwise be recognized by receptors of phagocytes. With the capsule, the access of phagocytes and deposition of C3b on the bacterial cell wall can be inhibited. Several other organisms that release toxic exotoxin leukocytes. Another strategy is the binding of bacteria to the surface of non-phagocytic cells so as to obtain the protection of phagocyte function.

Normal cells in the body has a regulatory protein that protects from damage by complement, such as CR1, MCP and DAF, which led to solving C3 convertases. Some bacteria do not have a regulator, so that will activate the alternative pathway of complement through the stabilization C3b3b convertases on the bacterial cell surface. With the capsule of bacteria will cause complement activation and stabilization of the poor.

Some bacteria also can accelerate the solving of complement through the action of microbial products that bind or inhibit the work of regulators of complement activation. Even some species to avoid lysis by altering the location of the complement activation through the secretion of protein bait (decoy protein) or bacterial surface position away from the cell membrane. Some Gram-positive organisms have a thick peptidoglycan layer that prevents insertion of membrane attack complex C5b-9 on the bacterial cell membrane.

Enteric Gram-negative bacteria in the gut affects the activity of macrophages, including inducing apoptosis, increased production of IL-1, preventing fusion fagosom sitoskleton-lysosomes and affects actin. The strategy of antigenic variation is also owned by some bacteria, such as variations in lipoprotein surface, variations in enzymes involved in the synthesis of surface structures and antigenic variation pili.Keadaan immune system which can cause extracellular bacteria are difficult to destroy because of interference with the mechanism of phagocytic deficiency phagocytic cells (neutropenia) or quality of immune responses that are less (chronic granulomatous disease).

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The Meaning of Wife Husband Accompany Maternity

For those of you who are awaiting birth of child who was conceived by the wife might want to accompany his wife in the delivery room. But do not get busy even make the delivery process. Naturally, if you feel scared and worried when accompanying his wife giving birth.

For all smooth, the following actions should not be in the delivery room.
1. Feel free to request relatives out of the delivery room when his wife was annoyed. Stay polite but firm action.

2. Do not pass out. You must know the process of giving birth of course there is blood, and you must be ready to see the wife who is in pain when giving birth, especially if the wife gives birth normally. Do not let unconscious, because it would interfere with the delivery process.


3. Do not panic. Stay calm will help you to think clearly when making decisions. Moreover, in times when full of struggle like that, your wife needs strengthening and soothing your.

4. Do not be desperate to see the baby out when it can not stand the sight of blood. Do not until you actually pass out so watching it. But if you feel strong, it’s okay.

5. Do not know nothing about the delivery process. Before you accompany the delivery room, Arm yourself with knowledge about the ins and outs of labor.

6. Do not just watch. Try to learn how to become an effective companion for your wives. Thus, your wife really feel supported and empowered by you.

7. Do not overlook the wife after the baby is born. The birth of a baby is the most eagerly awaited. But do not overlook the wives who have been fighting bear. Give congratulations wife has become a mother.

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Waste Products Left

A. Definition:
Trash is all the objects or products remaining in solid form as a result of human activities that are considered not useful and not desired by the owner or disposed of as useless stuff.

B. Disturbance caused by waste:
1. Environmental Pollution
2. Trash is a source of disease.
3. Cause accidents
4. Potential disaster
5. Disturbing scene

Trash is a form of organic garbage and inorganic garbage. Organic waste, the waste remains of living things, such as dry leaves. As for non-organic waste, namely waste plastic, glass, and metal. Including whether the rubbish bin at your house? Organic waste, if processed properly, will produce compost. However, if not treated properly, the garbage will rot and produce a gas called methane.

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Dangers of Energy Drinks

Fans of energy drinks have to be careful. Although very popular, people should pay attention to the content of one bottle drink it because it turned out to contain more caffeine than a cup of coffee. The combination of caffeine with other ingredients potentially a risk, such as energy drinks containing alcohol. Energy drinks can contain up to a quarter cup of sugar and caffeine levels are much higher than a cup of coffee. Energy drinks are also often do not include other elements in it, such as the herbal stimulant guarana, taurine amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and other…medicinal plants, which is likely to interact with caffeine.

Another problem that should be wary of is how this interaction can affect heart rate, blood pressure, and even mental status, especially when consumed in large portions, or combined with alcohol. Including how they affect when the beverage was consumed by athletes.

Energy drinks are often promoted and used by athletes to give an extra boost. But based on the effects of caffeine and other compounds to the body, energy drinks can wreak serious risk of dehydration for people who consume them. Opportunities dehydration and an increase in blood pressure makes the water or low-octane sports drinks, which contain electrolytes, minerals, and carbohydrates as a better choice.

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How to Increase Height

Eating every day (breakfast, lunch, dinner and drinks night). Ensure every dish is taken is balanced. Take foods that have protein and carbohydrate at least 2 hours before we do gymnastics improvement body. Although we do not feel hungry before do physical exercises, we may take a little food to avoid hunger when do physical exercises. the food experts have found someone who exercise on an empty stomach will experience a decline in earnings growth hormone by 54%.


What do we do when exercise give the impression of the pituitary gland. Incidence of us doing the exercise will add revenue growth hormone. Someone who often do gymnastics improvement body will produce more of this hormone. Make sure we do exercise at least 3 times a week (20 minutes each ). Intake of amino acids in a multi-vitamin pill before you exercise may help in revenue growth hormone.


Well this one should be noted, do not take food in significant amounts before we sleep. This is done so that the body is not much income promoting hormones insulin. Body we will produce growth hormone within 2 hours after eat. Income hormone insulin will lower earnings growth. Make sure you spend as much time as 8 hours a day on top places to lower income sleep. Less Sleep hormone growth. Try for toddlers get enough sleep time, about 9 hours. whereas for teens and adults take about 7-8 hours sleep a day.

how to raise the body above the results vary depending on your own, and do it really hard for the results based on what you expect.

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Vacuum, One Help in Childbirth Process

Vacuum was one of relief at the birth process which when cultivated normal (through the birth canal usual) failed after the trial and the mother is exhausted and feared the baby over time in the birth canal. Permanent brain defects described above have anything to do with vacuum ga. indeed in infants who suffered birth with vacuum will have little abnormality in head shape is more oval, and even then are usually temporary and not always so (when the growth and development usually disappear), the image of babies born with a vacuum could be like this.

Structure of a human head, the event was a perfect baby where the brain is in the most secure area, protected by barrier layers of both bones of the skull, brain membranes are layered, so that in the event of a vacuum that caused permanent brain defects.

Permanent brain defects usually are taken from birth, starting from the formation of the baby in the womb. Factors that contribute and influence these events can include:
1. Smoking (nicotine, especially narcotics)
2. Alcohol
3. Radioactive materials that are exposed via the mother

In this case might be questioned further to the doctor who helped birth or who handle their cases, permanent brain defects in babies include those types of what and most likely from her mother’s travel history control what caused it.

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Midwife Is Having Health Manpower Professional Conduct Authority Midwifery Care

Midwives are health care professionals who have the authority to make midwifery care. Professional midwives are midwives who have supported by competent authority recognized by the government and have a code of ethics. Competence: the ability supported by science and technology.


Component Concepts Midwifery:
1. Who’s midwife.
2. Who is served by a midwife.
3. Midwifery care.
4. Science and technology Midwifery.
5. Environment and society.

The development of midwifery care:
1. Mothers who give birth
2. Parents who gave birth mother or an elder person.
3. Helper maternity.
4. Midwives as the Maid of doctors in service delivery.
5. Midwives under medical supervision.
6. Midwives as birth attendants.
7. Professional midwives.

Development of Midwives:
1. Helping birth mothers.
2. Maintaining the health of pregnant women and newborns.
3. Labor action is limited.
4. KB.
5. Family health (reproduction).

The physical condition of the environment into consideration midwives in performing professional duties. So the environment is a component of the concept of Midwifery, in addition to these components, the midwife is also one component of the concept of midwifery itself.

Midwifery: Midwifery à duty to save the mother and baby. Obstetrics: Medical maternity à duty to save mothers and their babies a result of damage / disturbance of organ function. Maternity Nursing: nursing maternity à save mothers and babies of less fulfillment basic needs.

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Environmental Health, Health, Very Important For Smooth Life

A. Definition
Environmental health is very important for health smoothness of life on Earth because the environment is a place where personal lives. A healthy environment can be healthy when it is said to satisfy the terms of a healthy environment.

B. Conditions Healthy Environment
1. Air Condition
Healthy water is water that has no smell, not polluted and that water clarity can be seen, if it is definitely clean cooked with temperature 1000C, so that bacteria in the water dead.


2. Air Condition
Healthy air is the air in which there is a need, for example oxygen and inside tidka tercear by substances that damage the body, for example substances CO2 (carbon dioxide substance).

3. State land
Healthy soil is good-hearted yamh for planting a plant, and not polluted by heavy metal substances.

C. Ways of Health Care Environment
1. Not pollute the river water by taking out the trash
2. Reduce the use of motor vehicles
3. Cultivate the land properly
4. Planting vegetation on vacant lands

D. Maintenance Objectives Environmental Health
1. Reduce Global Warming
By planting lots of plants on vacant land, then we also took part to reduce global warming, carbon, oxygen O2 (oxygen) produced plants and substances substances indirect CO2 (carbon), which causes holes in the earth’s atmosphere is sucked up by plants and O2 substances directly produced can be enjoyed by human beings to breathe.

2. Maintaining Environmental Cleanliness
With a healthy environment, then we must keep it clean, because a healthy environment is the environment clean of all diseases and garbage.
Trash is the ultimate enemy of cleanliness.

Trash can be cleaned by the following means;
a. Clean Organic Waste
Organic waste is waste that can be eaten by organic substances in soil, the organic waste can be cleaned with deeply buried organic waste, organic waste samples:
1) The leaves of plants
2) plant sticks
3) The roots of plants

b. Non-Organic Waste clean up
Non-organic garbage is waste that can not be destroyed (eaten by organic matter) by itself, then the non-organic waste can be cleaned by burning trash and then bury it.

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Water Circulation Never Stop

Hydrological cycle is the circulation of water that never stops from the atmosphere to earth and back into the atmosphere through condensation, precipitation, evaporation and transpiration. Warming ocean water by sunlight is the key process of the hydrologic cycle can run continuously. exploration water, then fall as precipitation in the form of rain, snow, hail, sleet and snow (sleet), light rain or fog. On the way to earth some precipitation may exploration back up or straight down which is then intercepted by plants before it reaches the ground.


After reaching land, the hydrologic cycle continues to move continuously in three different ways
1. Evaporation / transpiration – water of the sea, on land, in rivers, in plants, etc.. will then evaporate into the air (atmosphere) and then will be a cloud. In the saturated state of water vapor (clouds) will go to spots which in turn would decrease water (precipitation) in the form of rain, snow, ice.

2. Infiltration / percolation into the soil – water moves into the soil through cracks and pores of soil and rock into groundwater. Water can move due to capillary action or water can move vertically or horizontally below the soil surface until the water re-entering the surface water system.

3. Surface Water – Water moving over the soil surface close to main stream and lake; more sloping land and fewer and fewer of the pores of the soil, the greater the surface flow. The flow of the soil surface can be seen usually in urban areas. The rivers join each other and form a major river that carries all the surface water around the watershed to the sea. Surface water, either flowing or stagnant (lakes, reservoirs, swamps), and partly below the surface water will be collected and flow to form the river and ended at the sea.

The process of water traveling in the mainland took place in the hydrological cycle components that make up systems of the Watershed (DAS). The amount of water on earth as a whole is relatively fixed, the change is the form and place.

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Appendix Useful or Not?

Appendix
The appendix is a fingerlike pouch attached to the colon and is located in the right lower abdomen. Scientists are still figuring out whether the appendix is useful or not.

Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a painful swelling and infection of the appendix.

Cause
Blockage of the appendiceal lumen causing appendicitis. The back of mucus in the appendiceal lumen, causing the bacteria that normally live in the appendix to breed. As a result, the appendix to swell and become infected. Sources include obstruction
1. Feces, parasites, or that obstruct the growth of appendiceal lumen
2. Enlargement of lymph tissue in the wall of the appendix, caused by infection in the digestive tract or elsewhere in the body
3. Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
4. Trauma to the abdomen.

Who gets appendicitis?
Anyone can suffer from appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old. Appendicitis is more directed to emergency abdominal surgery rather than other causes.

Symptoms
1. Loss of appetite
2. Nausea
3. Throw up
4. Constipation or diarrhea
5. Inability to dispose of the wind
6. Low fever other symptoms that follow
7. Abdominal swelling
8. The feeling that bench which will alleviate discomfort through


Treatment appendicitis
Surgery, usually, appendicitis is treated by removing the attachment. If a suspected appendicitis, a doctor will often recommend surgery without extensive diagnostic testing. Prompt surgery to reduce the likelihood of the appendix will burst. Surgery to remove the appendix is called appendicitis and can be done in two ways. The older method, called laparotomy, to remove appendix through an incision in the right lower abdomen. Newer method, called laparoscopic surgery, using several smaller incisions and special surgical tools fed through cuts to remove the attachment. Laparoscopic surgery causes fewer complications, like infection associated with hospitals, and has a shorter recovery time.

Sometimes surgery revealed a normal appendix. In such cases, many surgeons would remove a healthy appendix to eliminate the possibility of future appendicitis. Sometimes, surgery revealed a different problem, which may also be corrected during surgery. If the appendix does have chronic (long), then surgery should be performed. Because If allowed, do not close the possibility of leakage in the inflamed appendix, causing general inflammation in the abdominal cavity.

Herbs, traditional Chinese herbal therapy can help treat appendicitis. There is not enough scientific research in Western China or herbal to say that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is effective for appendicitis, but there are some reports of cases from the perspective of TCM. However, because the standard of care varies among different TCM practitioners, appendicitis should be treated with conventional medicine rather than with acupuncture and Chinese medicine.

Other herbs that can help your body recover more quickly if you have appendicitis include:
1. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) promote connective tissue repair, supports the normal wound healing, and prevent the scar from growing larger. Use a standard extract 60 mg one to two times a day, or 60 drops of tincture three to four times per day. Do not take gotu kola if you have high blood pressure or anxiety.
2. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, 2-8 g per day) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Make sure you do not have an allergy to dandelion, and avoid taking the herb if you have liver or gallbladder disease, diabetes, or kidney disease, or if you take blood-thinning drug.
3. Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria) has been used historically for appendicitis. Make a tea by steeping 1 tsp. of the herb in one cup of boiling water, strain, and cool. Drinking every 2-3 hours. Do not take agrimony if you take medication for blood pressure or blood thinning medication, or if you have diabetes.
Acupuncture, the Chinese medical terms, appendicitis is suspected to be caused by blockages in blood circulation and flow of vitality. Acupuncture appears to help reduce pain, control the peristalsis (wave-like muscle movements in the intestines), and increase blood flow. Case reports from China claimed that acupuncture has been used for mild appendicitis. Electroacupuncture (sending electrical current through needles) has also been used. A licensed and certified acupuncturist will work with your doctor to monitor your condition carefully. In some parts of the world, an acupuncturist working in hospitals to provide care at the same time with conventional medical practice. Even with surgery, acupuncture can be very useful for anesthesia, pain control, and improved recovery.

Appendix Test
1. Abdominal exam to detect inflammation
2. Urine tests to rule out urinary tract infection
3. Rectal exam
4. Blood tests to see if your body fight infection
5. CT scans and / or ultrasoundTest

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Mental Disorders In Humans

To understand the problem of psychiatric disorders in humans it is necessary in understanding the definition of mental health. Mental health is a feeling healthy and happy and able to cope with life’s challenges, to accept others as they are and have a positive attitude toward self and others.


The definition of mental health is very ideal, so if the definition is used as a benchmark so many of us who fall into unhealthy psychological conditions. Many psychiatric disorders that arise in human life begins by low emotional intelligence because it is not able to control emotional impulse, burdening the soul with thoughts, feelings and actions that continue to damage the health body and soul. Nevertheless there are some psychiatric disorders due to organic factors.


Mental disorders can also be interpreted as a condition or a negative psychological situation, causing the behavior, thoughts, and feelings do not fit with their environment.

Stress Situation
According Sutardjo A Wiramihardja, psychiatric conditions that could have been a stressful situation. Stress is very varied. Which cause interference is called distress, while encouraging called eustress, and that does not cause any significant or neutral called neustress. There are many sources of stress, frustration, conflict, pressure, change and openness. Frustration is a moment in which individuals experienced a situation can not be separated from the state is hampered achieve what he wanted.

Conflict, is also a moment where the individual can not choose the option that possible. Pressure is also a moment when someone feels compelled to do something that does not want him to do. Change is a change of circumstances or conditions that he can not tolerate, either because it is too big or too fast. Openness is a moment when a person is unable to determine what, where, or when something is stated / expressed / demonstrated as well as what, when, and where things should not be declared / deemed private.

At remind also by Sutardjo A Wiramiharja that mild stress does not cause problems and influence; a standard medium can even improve the quality of the individual. That bring disturbance is excessive stress. Heavy, light, or is a subjective measure. Capability is called stress tolerance. So, someone who is experiencing stress are those that tolerance to stress is smaller than the magnitude of stress perceived / comprehended.

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By contrast Vertigo dizziness

Vertigo is a spinning sensation that can occur at any time, even though our bodies are in a state of standing upright. The surroundings seem to be moving, both vertically and horizontally. Some people feel that they are actually spinning. Its effects can be mild or even severe that we can fall to the floor.

 Vertigo is different to dizziness, an experience that perhaps we’ve ever felt, that the head feels light when it comes to standing. While the vertigo can be more severe than that, for example, can make it hard to move because of spin that affect the balance of the body.


Symptoms of vertigo
Vertigo can occur suddenly and lasts for a while, but can also occur for several days. Those with severe vertigo may be unable to get out of bed and this will affect their daily activities. For that, the symptoms of vertigo can vary depending on the severity. Symptoms that can be felt among others:

The place you stand feels rotating or moving
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- It’s hard to stand or walk
- Sensation head feels light
- Unable to focus views

Causes vertigo
Vertigo is often caused by a disturbance of balance in an area centered labyrinth or the cochlea in the ear.

Possible causes of vertigo are:
- Viral infections like common cold or influenza which attacked the labyrinth area
- Bacterial infections of the middle ear
- Inflammation of the joints in the neck area
- Migraine attacks
- Reduced blood circulation can cause blood flow to the brain balance centers decreased
- Drunk vehicle
- Alcohol and certain drugs
- Prevention of vertigo

The following steps can relieve or prevent symptoms of vertigo:
- Sleep with your head a little high
- Get up slowly and sit down first before we got up from bed
- Avoid bending position when lifting
- Avoid tilting head position, for example, to retrieve an object from a height
- Move the head carefully if we head in a flat position (horizontal) or when the neck in a position to look up.

Benign positional vertigo is a form of vertigo attacks in the short term but over and over again. Symptoms only in seconds but can be quite severe, often appears after we attacked by a virus infection or the presence of inflammation and damage in the area of the middle ear. Symptoms may arise if we move the head suddenly, eg when turning with a quick motion.

Generally cases are mild case of vertigo and not dangerous. However, if symptoms recur or persist, to be seen whether there are factors that cause it. If the symptoms are very disturbing our activities, be examined by a doctor to determine whether there is cause a serious and appropriate therapy to heal our vertigo.

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