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jeudi 16 juin 2011

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dengan Nilai Nutrisi yang Tinggi

Posted on 11:51 by Unknown

Keunggulan dan keistimewaan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) sebagai nutrisi untuk bayi sudah tidak diragukan lagi. Masyarakat luas khususnya kaum ibu telah paham benar kegunaan dan manfaat Air Susu Ibu, berbagai tulisan yang membahas masalah Air Susu Ibu telah banyak dipublikasi. Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas nilai nutrisi yang terkandung dalam ASI dan keunggulannya dibanding nutrisi lain untuk bayi, dengan demikian diharapkan para ibu akan lebih percaya diri dalam memberikan Air Susu Ibu kepada bayinya.

Seperti halnya nutrisi pada umumnya, ASI Air Susu Ibu mengandung komponen makro dan mikro nutrien. Yang termasuk makronutrien adalah karbohidrat, protein dan lemak sedangkan mikronutrien adalah vitamin dan mineral. Air susu ibu hampir 90% nya terdiri dari air. Volume dan komposisi nutrien Air Susu Ibu berbeda untuk setiap ibu bergantung dari kebutuhan bayi. Perbedaan volume dan komposisi di atas juga terlihat pada masa menyusui (kolostrum, Air Susu Ibu transisi, Air Susu Ibu matang dan Air Susu Ibu pada saat penyapihan). Kandungan zat gizi Air Susu Ibu awal dan akhir pada setiap ibu yang menyusui juga berbeda. Kolostrum yang diproduksi antara hari 1-5 menyusui kaya akan zat gizi terutama protein.
 Air Susu Ibu transisi mengandung banyak lemak dan gula susu (laktosa). Air Susu Ibu yang berasal dari ibu yang melahirkan bayi kurang bulan (prematur) mengandung tinggi lemak dan protein, serta rendah laktosa dibanding Air Susu Ibu yang berasal dari ibu yang melahirkan bayi cukup bulan. Pada saat penyapihan kadar lemak dan protein meningkat seiring bertambah banyaknya kelenjar payudara. Walapun kadar protein, laktosa, dan nutrien yang larut dalam air sama pada setiap kali periode menyusui, tetapi kadar lemak meningkat.

Jumlah total produksi Air Susu Ibu dan asupan ke bayi bervariasi untuk setiap waktu menyusui dengan jumlah berkisar antara 450 -1200 ml dengan rerata antara 750-850 ml per hari. Banyaknya Air Susu Ibu yang berasal dari ibu yang mempunyai status gizi buruk dapat menurun sampai jumlah hanya 100-200 ml per hari.
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