Respiratory System

Nose:
nasal cavity (Kovum Rice). Nose hole (Nares) septum that divides the two (septum Rice). Inside the bones bordering the nose there are rooms called Sinus. Frontal sinuses in the forehead bone, maxillary sinus in cartilage, bone sinus etmoidalis in strainer, Sinus Sfenoidalis in the bone wedge.


Farings:
1. Naso Farings, located at the upper back of the nose in the soft palate (palate Molla) on the back wall there are lymph nodes: Tonsilia Faringea / adenoids. Channels Tuba Auditiva coming from the middle ear also lead to the naso farings so that air can enter the middle ear.
2.Oro Farings, located behind the mouth below the palate molle.di either side wall there are lymph glands: Tonsilia Palatina. Boundaries between naso farings with oro farings which is a narrowing farings: isthmus Farings, Boundary between oro farings with oral cavity called Fausium isthmus.
3. Laringo Farings: part of farings behind larings.

Larings:
Part breathing apparatus located between the oro farings and trachea. Larings actually consists of several pieces of cartilage are bound together by ligaments and membranes. Cartilage is: Thyroid (The biggest), Krikoid (seal ring shape with the width at the rear), Aritenoid (There are a pair / place of attachment of the vocal cords / the sidelines of the two vocal cords: rhyme glottidis, epiglottis shape like a spoon shoes), Kornikulata and kuneiformis.

Trachea:
Length 12 cm, 16-20 pieces of cartilage composition. At the height vetrebra thoracic vertebra V, there are two branches: the bronchi right / left into the right lung / left. Tepals shape like a horse ring of cartilage and smooth muscle layer.


Lung (PULMO):
Located in the chest wall
1. In front: the sternum bone and rib cartilage.
2. In addition: rib-cage and the muscles between the ribs
3. On the back: 12 segment backbone
4. Above: neck base
5. Below: the diaphragm.
The room contained within the chest cavity between the two lungs: mediastinum. contents: the heart, blood vessels are large, usofagus, trachea, duct torasikus. Peak Lungs: The apex Pulmonum. Lung base: Base Pulmonum. Left lung comprises two lobes, the right three lobes. Each lobe is subdivided into smaller sections called lobules.

Pleura:
- The layer in which the lungs attached pd: visceral pleura,
- The outer layer attached to the ribs, mediastinum and diaphragm walls: Parientalis pleura,
- There is space: cavity pleura / there is fluid: Fluid pleura. Place folded visceral pleura into the pleural parientalis namely the point of entry into the bronchi of the lungs: PULMONIS hilum.
Bronchi:
Place bercabangnya bronchi: tracheal bifurcation.
The first branch: bronchi Secundus, in each lobe branch out into many BRONKHIOLUS. branched respiratory BRONKHIOLUS again. continue branching alveolar ducts, into Atrium, a SAKKUS alveolar, alveolar end.

So the schematic course of breathing air from the nostrils to the alveoli:
Nares - pouch RICE - nasopharynx - OROFARINGS - LARINGS - TRAKHE - bronchi right / left - bronchi Secundus - BRONKHIOLUS respiratory - alveolar duct - Atrium - SAKKUS alveolar - alveolus.
Respiratory mechanisms:
In limiting the chest cavity from abdominal cavity by the septum: the diaphragm. Terdiiri upon layer of dome-shaped muscle that can move up and down ang.
Respiration: expiratory and INSPIRATION.
INSPIRATION:
The diaphragm is pushed downward toward the abdominal cavity and at the same time the rib cage by respiratory muscle / muscle INTER IGA in drag upward, it expands and enlarges the chest cavity, the air was sucked out through the nose and respiratory tract into the lungs until alvioli.

Expiration:
Return of the diaphragm and rib cage so that the original kekeadaan air pushed out through the nose of the lungs.

Lung Capacity:
- Tidal Volume: the number of air suction and released during normal respiration 500 cc,
- AIR complementary: how much air can still suck after a normal inspiration in 2,500 cc.
- AIR supplementary: how much air can still be issued after the usual expiratory 1000 cc.
- CAPACITY INSPIRATION: how much air can be inhaled deep after normal expiratory 3000 cc
- VITAL CAPACITY: how much air can still be issued after a deep inspiration L 4000 cc / 3400 cc W.
- AIR expiratory STRONG: the number of air which released on expiratory amain for 1 sec 75 / 80%.
- Residual AIR: Air that is always there in the lungs after a maximal expiratory 1100 cc.

Residual air is important for criminal investigation:
1.For determine whether infants who die before birth or after birth.
2.Untuk determine the person's death by drowning or drowned.