Balanced Nutrition For Pregnant Woman

NEEDS nutrients increased during PREGNANT. However, not all nutrient requirements increase proportionately. Example: nutritional needs during pregnancy triples, while demand increased by 10% Vitamin B12


SOME THINGS WHICH IMPORTANT NOTE:
1. ACTUAL needs during pregnancy vary among individuals and is influenced by previous nutritional status and health history, including chronic disease, twin pregnancies and spacing pregnancies meeting
2. The need for a single nutrient can be disturbed by other foods. For example: mothers who do not meet caloric needs will require a larger amount of protein
3. The nutritional requirements is not constant over the course of pregnancy. Nutrient needs little change during TRIMESTER 1 and at most during TRIMESTER 3

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF PREGNANT WOMEN

PURPOSE:
1. Maintaining the health of mother during pregnancy and childbirth
2. Meet the nutritional needs of mother and fetus
3. Preparing for your baby's nutritional reserves some time after birth
4. Preparations for the production of BMS


PRINCIPLES
1. Eating and drinking = when not pregnant
2. Many eat food sources of iron, for example: tempeh, tofu, liver, beans, meat, fish
3. Many eat food sources of calcium, for example: spinach, katuk leaves, cassava leaves, milk, cheese
4. When appetite is reduced, the consumption of fresh foods, for example: fruit, fruit juice, vegetable clear
5. Small portions but frequently
6. Avoiding foods that stimulate, for example: smoking, alcohol, durian, meat goat
7. Using iodized salt, iron tablets 1 point / day for 90 days

ENERGY
CALORIE needs increased with the addition of ± 285 calories / day or 14% from before pregnancy because of increased basal metabolic rate and the addition of Weight Loss.
Energy used for:
1. Concept
2. Metabolism
3. Increased oxygen consumption

PROTEIN
The addition of 12 grams / day or 1.3 g / kg = Weight Loss / day or 12% of their pre-pregnancy = high biological value
Protein is used to:
1. Fetal Growth
2. Activities of estrogen and progesterone
3. Addition of blood volume, plasma proteins, amniotic fluid
4. Uterus and breast enlargement

IRON (Fe)
Addition of 200-300% from pre-pregnancy
Fe is used for:
1. For fetal growth
2. The formation of red blood cells and placental
3. Inventories Fe childbirth
Examples: animal, milk, green vegetables, nuts

Folic Acid
The addition of ± 10% or 2x of prior pregnant
As. Folate is used to:
1. Red blood cell maturation
2. Cell growth
3. DNA Synthesis

Women who consume adequate amount of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy reduce the risk of a baby with a neural tubal defects (eg: Spina bifida, anensefali). Foods rich in natural form of folic acid: orange juice, leafy greens, broccoli, asparagus

VITAMIN B12
3 mg / day
Vit. B12 is used for:
1. Prevent the occurrence of anemia and premature babies
2. Fetal Growth
3. Saving mothers

VITAMIN D
5-10 mg / hr
Together with Ca and P, Vit. D
used to:
1. Formation of fetal bones and teeth pd
2. Increased metabolism Examples: milk

Iodine
200 mg / day
Iodine is used to:
1. Increased production of the hormone thyroxine
2. Increased metabolism

CALCIUM
Addition ± 400 mg / day
Calcium is used for:
1. The growth of bone and teeth
2. Regulate cell function and hormones, eg milk, fish, cheese, shrimp, Ca supplement

If adequate calcium intake before pregnancy, the amount consumed do not need to rise. However, 1300 mg / day of calcium is recommended for TEENS PREGNANT. Mothers who do not consume enough calcium from foods require CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS

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How to Treat Allergic Disease In Children

Learn about the symptoms, causes and treatment of allergies in children, including the suspect when coughing, sneezing or runny nose may be more than the cold. Spring and summer months bring with them not only warm temperatures and beautiful flowers, but they often invite seasonal allergies into millions of American life.


Meanwhile, itchy eyes, runny nose and cough are not pleasant for anyone, they can be very frustrating for young children, who can not understand how they feel. It can be equally challenging for their parents who are not sure how to diagnose allergies and may not know how to treat them.

When and How to Develop Children Allergies

According to Dr Paul, the tendency to develop allergies is hereditary. If both parents have allergies, there is a 75-80 percent chance that their children will develop allergies. If one parent is allergic, then the possibility of allergies developing in his / her child is about 40%.

Usually children develop seasonal allergies for about five or six years-old, but may show signs at the beginning of the year. Most seasonal allergies are caused by airborne pollen According to Medical News Today, the number one ranked website health and medical news on Google and Yahoo, for the most part, seasonal allergies caused by pollen in the air, a very fine powder released by trees, grasses and weeds as they pollinate and fertilize crops Another of the same type. Matter in free air can also contribute to seasonal allergies. Summer / Seasonal Allergy Symptoms Fall into One of Three Major Groups Summer / seasonal allergy symptoms can be broken down into three main groups, according to Dr. Paul sheet of facts about allergies in children
1. nose nose: runny or stiff, itchy nose, itchy palate (the top of the mouth), frequent sneezing
2. eye symptoms: redness, itching and / or watery eyes. Sometimes these symptoms make the child very uncomfortable.
3. Asthma: Symptoms include wheezing, coughing and / or difficulty breathing

When to Suspect Common Cold vs. Allergies
According to Westwood-Mansfield Associates Children, parents should suspect allergies in their children if:

1. a child has long been a cold (lasted more than 14-18 days) in spring
2. child has itchy red eyes with a very small discharge
3. there is a strong family history of allergy
4. there are a lot of sneezing or coughing prolonged morning with a sore throat

Prescription Allergy Treatment vs. Non-Prescription for Young Children

Many pediatricians recommend non-prescription oral medication for the nose and eyes, like Zyrtec or Claritin (or their generics). This is a non-soothing antihistamine given once a day, and is available as a pill, pill or liquid dissolveable.

Note that the dose listed on the packaging. Claritin (loratadine) is FDA approved for up to two years. Zyrtec (Cetirizine) is approved for use on all the parents from the age of six months.
Non-prescription eye drops such as Zaditor (ketotifen or generic) is effective for mangaement itchy eyes, according to Westwood-Mansfield Associates Child, who recently emailed to patient treatment guidelines.
There are also prescription nasal sprays such as Flonase (fluticasone) or others (Nasonex, Rhinocort, etc.) that reduces inflammation in the nose caused by inhaling pollen.

No matter which treatment option is selected, parents must always give their children the hand towel when they are outdoors, showing them how to remove pollen from their hands before they rub their eyes.
Treatment Using Allergy Symptoms Before Start

All these drugs work best if they begin one to two weeks before the child's allergy season. Note that a child must come to their pediatrician's office if their condition has not improved after taking medication for two weeks.
Non-Drug Remedies for Seasonal Allergies

Medical News Today offers the following tips to help to prevent allergies before they start or become worse:

1. Keep doors and windows closed to help prevent pollens and molds outside the entrance.
2. Limit outdoor activity, especially in the morning. Avoid outdoor exercise especially when the amount of pollen is high, or on windy days when pollen and mold being blown about.
3. When traveling by car, keep the windows to help prevent pollen, dust and mold.
4. Shower and change clothes to avoid lasting effects collect pollen on your clothes and hair.

Seasonal allergies can be controlled

While in the middle of spring and summer months, seasonal allergies may seem endless and excruciating for parents and children, but they are temporary. With a little perseverance, some advance preparation and a lot of patience, both young and old can reduce allergy symptoms and enjoy a lifestyle that is beyond happy and healthy.

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Health

Health is a prosperous state of body, soul, and the social that allows every person to live a socially and economically productive. Health care is an effort to combating and prevention of health problems that require examination, treatment and / or treatment, including pregnancy and childbirth.

Health education is the process of helping someone, by acting individually or collectively, to make decisions based on knowledge about things that affect their personal health and others. An even simpler definition proposed by Larry Green and his colleagues who wrote that health education is a combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health. Recent data show that currently more than 80 percent of Indonesian people are not able to get health insurance from the institution or company in the field of health care, such as Access, Taspen, and Social Security.

Group of people who are considered 'teranaktirikan' in terms of health insurance are those from small community groups and traders. In health care, this problem becomes more complicated, since in the management of health services not only related to some groups of people, but also the special nature of health care itself

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Recognize the Signs of Labor

Although the birth process is different on every woman but the signs of labor are the same. By knowing the signs of labor you will understand when it is appropriate to go to the hospital and what can be done if the signs are there in your labor.



Signs of labor:

Mucus mixed with blood

Expenditure mucus mixed with blood. Occurs due to blockage of the thick cervical mucus despite causing a reddish color because of mixed blood.

What to do:
Expenditure of blood and mucus may occur several days before delivery, so wait until you get regular contractions or rupture of amniotic fluid, before you go to the hospital.
You should contact your doctor if there is severe bleeding.

Rupture of amniotic sac Water

The amniotic sac that surrounds the baby breaks so that the amniotic fluid out (Normal amniotic fluid is a liquid that is clean, clear and odorless.)

What to do:
Contact your doctor immediately to the hospital, even if you do not feel the contractions, because it becomes the risk of infection. While the journey can use a sanitary napkin to absorb your amniotic fluid.


Contraction of the Organized

Unlike Braxton Hick contractions, contractions occur regularly, at first contraction for a short while and then grow old and growing stronger, and contraction occurs symmetrically on both sides starting from the upper stomach near the oviduct throughout the uterus, and the pain does not disappear / less with rest or persuasion.

What to do:
When the contraction appears regularly, begin to calculate the time.
Record the length of time between a contraction with contraction follows, and duration of the contraction lasts. Delivery only occurs when contractions become closer another 40 seconds between contractions. First deliveries will take place 12-14 hours so you better wait at home while at rest to collect energy for labor. So if your contractions are every 5 minutes once or very sick you can go to the hospital. Do not forget to bring a bag that you have prepared.

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Definition Epidemiology

1. Origin said:
Epi: on, above, superficial, overwrite
Demo: population, human, people
Ology: the science of learning
2. Epidemiology is the science which studies the things that befall humans.
3. Epidemiology is the science that studies the distribution and frequency of disease in populations and faktor-
Faktor/determinan that affect the distribution and frequency.
4. The study is the frequency and distribution of the determinants of disease in populations.
5. Epidemiology is the science that studies the frequency and distribution as well as deteminan of health status or the events associated with health status in a population and the application of this science is used to control health problems.

MAIN OBJECTIVES Epidemiology

Identifying groups at a population that have a high risk of a disease (High risk group). Can identify factors or characteristics of the group.

EPIDEMIOLGI APPROACH

is a way how an epidemiological identify movement or the cause of a disease.

SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF Epidemiology

1. To identify the etiology or movement of a disease and risk factors, ie factors that increase the risk of something to get the disease.
2. To determine the effect of disease on society:
- As a burden on the community
- Input for planning the provision of health care facilities
3. To study the natural history of disease and prognosis of a disease, certain diseases more serious than other diseases. Some quick legih disease cause death than other diseases
4. To evaluate preventive measures and treatment and the ways health services are offered.
5. To control health problems.


THE CONCEPT OF DISEASE PREVENTION

• If the risk groups have been identified, then prevention efforts can be made directly at risk groups, eg by screening.
• If risk factors have been identified, it can be done modifications to these risk factors, thus preventing the occurrence of disease, eg diet with high fat diet was changed to a diet with fiber foods.

Focus of observation:

• Medical clinic patients, people, individual
• Epidemiology Group of individuals

Field of science that requires epidemiological

1. Medical clinics: info about the diagnosis of disease.
2. Biology: info about the nature, characteristics, sources, modes of transmission of disease agents.
3. Chemistry and Physics: info about the hazardous substances or conditions that are hazardous to health.
4. Demographics: info about the composition and characteristics of community
5. Anthropology and Sociology: info about the habits, customs and social character of the community.
6. Genetics and Psychology: info about the nature of genetic and psychological conditions.
7. Statitik and biostatistics: info about the birth, morbidity and mortality in populations and individuals
8. Meteorology: info on air and climate of a region

NATURE OF SCIENCE Epidemiology

1. Descriptive: frequency, distribution
2. Analytical: hypotheses to be tested
3. Constructive: combining some results of research into a concept or a new theory.

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Medical Anthropology

Medical anthropology is a discipline that gives attention to aspects of biological and socio-culture of human behavior, especially about the ways of interaction between the two throughout the history of human life, which affect health and disease in humans.


Anthropology of health assist the socio-cultural study of all the people associated with the sick and healthy as a center of culture, including:
1. Diseases associated with trust (misfortunes)
2. In some societies the misfortunes caused by supernatural forces and the supernatural, or witches
3. Group 'healers' are found with different forms in each community group
4. Healers have a role as a healer
5. The attention to an existence of 'sick' or 'disease' is not an individual, especially the "illness and sickness" in the family or community.

There are a number of science related to anthropology and contribute to each other contribute to the development of other sciences. For example in the fields of biology, medical anthropology describes the techniques and discoveries of medical sciences and its variations, including microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, parasitology, pathology, nutrition, and epidemiology.

This makes it possible to link the biological changes that obtained using the technique of social factors and culture in a particular society. Examples: albinism hereditary disease in an area in East Nusa Tenggara is transmitted through a recessive gene for marriage between family members.

In general, medical anthropology continues to contribute to other health sciences as follows:
1. Provide a way to look at society as a whole, including individual. Where is the proper perspective will be able to contribute right in improving the welfare of a society with still relies on the roots of personality that builds community. Examples of systems approach, holistic, emic, relativism, which became the rationale for anthropology can be used to help solve community problems and develop the situation for the better.
2. Provide a model that is operationally useful to describe the process of socio-cultural field of health.
3. Donations towards research and research methods. Both in formulating an appropriate approach as well as assist the analysis and interpretation of the results of a condition in the community.

Culture

In the context of a school or class-cultural theory that major effects in the study of anthropology, or known as "Ideasionalisme" (ideationalism) (Keesing, 1981; Sathe, 1985) in the study of health in particular.

Goodenough argued that culture is a cognitive system-a system that consists of knowledge, beliefs, and values that are in the minds of individual members of society. This means that the culture was in "the ideational order of reality." Or culture is a mental equipment by members of the community used in the processes of orientation, deals, meetings, formulation of ideas, classification, and interpretation of social behavior evident in the community. Thus the guidelines for community members to behave in socially good / decent and as interpretation for the behavior of others.

The same is also suggested by Sathe (1985:10) that culture is the ideas and important assumptions owned a society that determines or affects communication, justification, and the behavior of its members (Kalangie ,1994:1-2).

Public Health Nursing

Community Health Care is a nursing service which is an integral part of health care performed by nurses, by involving other health care team and the community to obtain a higher level of health of individuals, families and communities. (MOH, 1986).

According to the WHO in 1974, public health care is a unique unity of prakyek nursing and public health aimed at the development and improvement of the health of both themselves as individuals collectively as keliuarga maupus, a special group of people, this service memcakup spectrum of health services to the community.

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Parasitic Worms Reduce Child Intelligence

Worms is a contagious disease and is often considered a disease or illness grubby lower socioeconomic groups. Disease caused by a humid tropical climate, high population density, poor sanitation, excreta used as fertilizer in the garden, soil conditions, and lack of public knowledge was found to reduce children's intelligence.


Intelligence of children of this decline occurred because the worms damage the mucosa (wall) intestine and takes nutrients from food so that children can have food absorption problems and even malnutrition. Due to the lack of nutritional intake in children would interfere with the development of body cells including brain cells. And in the end result does not develop children's intelligence, even declining.

Worms can affect anyone, but if the disease is attacking the children, then the child will experience weak, tired, lethargic, lax and loose (5L). Affected children worms will also become very vulnerable illness, hepatitis, myopic eyes, malnutrition, and decreased level of intelligence. Symptoms most often appear in young worms are digestive problems such as poor appetite, nausea, diarrhea, difficult bowel movements, weight loss and decreased intelligence of children. And anemia, tuberculosis, and malaria is a disease that could arise due to worms.

Intestinal worms in children can be caused by various types of hookworm (Ascaris lumbriocoides, Neactur smericanus, Ancylotomaduodenale), roundworms, whip worms (Truchuris trichiura), and several other types of worms. According to the survey, 60-80% of Indonesia's population affected by worms and 90% of them are elementary school children. Therefore, it is very important to teach children how to live clean, for example by requiring washing hands before eating and drinking.

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